15/07/2026
LoRa (Long Range) is a wireless communication technology designed for transmitting small amounts of data over long distances while consuming very low power. It is widely used in the Internet of Things (IoT), especially in applications such as smart agriculture,environmental monitoring, smart cities, and industrial automation. Unlike Wi-Fi or Bluetooth, LoRa is optimized for long-range communication rather than high-speed data transmission, making it ideal for remote areas where internet infrastructure is limited.
In IoT-based Precision Rice Farming System, LoRa is used to establish communication between the sensor nodes installed in different parts of the rice field and the base station (IoT gateway). Each sensor node consists of an ESP32 microcontroller connected to sensors and an RFM95 LoRa transceiver. After collecting data such as soil moisture, pH, temperature, humidity, and water level, the ESP32 sends the information to the RFM95 module, which transmits the data wirelessly to the gateway. The gateway receives the LoRa packets, processes the data, and then forwards it to the cloud via Wi-Fi or LTE using the MQTT protocol.