05/27/2025
Ever heard of federated learning? It’s a machine learning concept that could reshape how we handle sensitive data, especially in healthcare.
➡️ Question 🙋: What is federated learning? Answer ✅: Federated learning is a technique that allows "local" models to collaborate, to train an ML model on a private dataset without ever sharing the underlying private data. What does this mean?
🧠 Intuition: Let's say Bob, Alice, and Steve all have their blood pressure data on their smartwatches. They want to be able to generate a prediction model that will tell them when they are at risk for a stroke. However, Bob does not want Steve to know his heart rate information (Steve is a UND fan), and Alice does not want either of them to know her blood pressure information. But if they use federated learning, they can train a small ML model on their smartwatch, and then upload the ML model to an agreed-upon website (server), without uploading the actual blood pressure data. This is the concept of federated learning.
➡️ Question 🙋: Why is this necessary? Answer ✅: A few reasons:
(1) Current encryption techniques are not guaranteed to be secure; the best data security is locally, on your own device, not on the Internet.
(2) This allows for better ML model training. Oftentimes, when training on healthcare or sensitive data, the sensitive parts are redacted. This is less data to train on, which one can presume lessens the efficacy of the model.
➡️ Question 🙋: What is the future of this technology? Answer ✅:
Currently, there is still ongoing research and development for the use of these models. However, as artificial intelligence machines learned large language models (AI ML LLM, whoa that's a lot) get more performant, at smaller sizes, and as devices get more powerful in general, the efficacy of this method will become more and more feasible.
➡️ Question 🙋: What domains will this be good for? Answer ✅: Any domain that uses sensitive information, including but not limited to, healthcare, finance, and internal organization AI-capable tasks.
🧠 Intuition: A little intuition for clarity's sake; why this is so attractive is that it will likely allow for much larger datasets to train models on. Instead of needing to "give your data" to a possibly unknown source (which can have many downsides), you can be assured that your data never leaves your device, but while still getting the benefit of the data of everyone else's data in the resulting model. A win-win for all.
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Here are some resources for further information about federated learning:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federated_learning
https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/research/news/federated-learning-protecting-data-at-the-source.html
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/collaborative-learning-federated-learning/
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