17/05/2022
What is the difference between Proof of Work (⛏ PoW) and Proof of Stake (💰 PoS)? 🤓
As you may have heard, the Proof of Work algorithm causes high power consumption all over the world. Nevertheless, it is still used for running blockchains:
⛏ Proof of Work was originally developed to secure the Bitcoin blockchain, because it could achieve a consensus among the nodes on the network. It works by requiring all nodes to solve a cryptographic puzzle in order to create new blocks within the blockchain. Those who try to solve the puzzle are called miners. And the first miner to find the solution gets the miner reward.
⛏ However, this procedure has led to many people building bigger and bigger mining farms to increase their chances of finding the solution and getting the reward. So, in addition to the extreme energy consumption of the Proof of Work, this algorithm causes an unfair “distribution” of the rewards – people with more money and resources have a higher chance of solving the puzzle.
⛏ Moreover, these people often join so-called mining pools in order to bundle their capacities, thus increasing their chances of finding the solution. The rewards are shared between all the people within the pool. This has led to the system becoming increasingly more centralized rather than decentralized.
To stop this, a new algorithm has been developed: Proof of Stake.
💰 Proof of Stake doesn’t have miners, but validators. To create a new block, these validators don’t mine; what they do in the Proof of Stake algorithm instead is referred to as minting, or forging.
💰 Furthermore, the algorithm does not randomly select the validator to validate transactions or a new block. A node has to deposit a certain amount of coins into the network as stake. The higher this amount, the higher the chances to be chosen as validator.
💰 If a node is chosen to mint a new block, it has to check if all transactions within this block are indeed valid. If they are, the node can add the block to the blockchain. As an incentive, the node receives a reward, consisting of the fees associated with the transactions inside the new block. These fees are transferred to the validator after a certain period of time.
💰 How can we trust these validators? Validators really try not to make any mistakes while checking the correctness of the transactions, because if they do and, for example, one of the transactions they have approved turns out to be fraudulent or simply not valid, they will lose part of their stake as penalty. So this is the financial motivation behind this algorithm.
💰 Although Proof of Stake is not the perfect alternative for Proof of Work, this algorithm has significant advantages: The entire system requires less energy for minting new blocks, and more people are motivated to become validators. Consequently, the system is more decentralized and more secure than the Proof of Work algorithm.