16/06/2025
We hear it all the time…
Why isn’t my solar charging properly?
It’s always around this time of year…
Why?
Answer – The angle of the sun. However, there are TWO factors relating to the angle of the sun that will reduce the output of your solar to about half.
Let’s look at the best-case scenario – The summer solstice, 12pm lunchtime on the 21st of December, anywhere along the Tropic of Capricorn. Yep, the sun is directly above you, and its rays are perpendicular to the earth’s surface.
So, to work out the first factor, we need to assume the thickness of the earth’s atmosphere which is around 10km (for the important bit). Science journals have said the attenuation of visible light with light perpendicular to the earth is about 30%. So, if you refer to the first image in the deck, if 1450W/m2 of visible light hits the top of the atmosphere, with a 30% reduction, you get 1000W/m2 at the ground.
That’s perfect for getting 100% out of your panels.
Refer to the second image in the deck, 1000W (on the ground) / 1000W STC = 100%. The caravan shown would generate 800W of energy under these conditions, assuming the load and battery can take it.
Lets jump now to the Winter Solstice. Refer to image 3 in the deck and we are again on the Tropic of Capricorn, at 12pm on the 21st of June. The sun is no longer above you, it is at an angle of 43.1 degrees above the horizon. This time, the distance the visible light has to travel through the atmosphere is longer, increasing attenuation which reduces the amount of light hitting the surface. The 1450W/m2 hitting the atmosphere is reduced to only 813W/m2 once it gets to your caravan. Refer to image 4 in the deck.
That is reduction factor number one…
To work out how much power the panels output with the angled light, we need to calculate the equivalent vertical power as solar panels are rated based on perpendicular light only. Refer to image 5 in the deck. The correction angle is 46.9 degrees and by using trigonometry, we can calculate the equivalent vertical light power is only 555W/m2.
Now refer to image 6 in the deck and the second reduction factor will become apparent. The percentage output of your panels is 555W / 1000W STC = 55.5%.
55.5% of 800W array is only 444W to recharge your battery and run your load.
That is reduction factor number two...
This is why designers like coulomb IQ design for winter performance. If you are south of the Tropic of Capricorn it is even worse as the sun is even lower in the sky. There are many variables in light power, thickness of the atmosphere, particles that can attenuate the light, so this is an illustration only, but the logic is sound.
Even if it is sunny, this shows the output from your array will be greatly reduced in the middle of the year. We recommend you have a portable panel to supplement your roof top solar when camping in the middle of the year.
Thanks for reading,
Jason