12/08/2026
Rabbits face distinct risk factors and complications associated with insect stings.
Outdoor rabbits are more exposed than their indoor counterparts, and two specific threats deserve attention:
Imported Fire Ants (IFA)
In endemic regions, IFA stings produce a characteristic sterile pustule (1–3 mm) within 24 hours. Secondary infection is a recognised complication.
Processionary caterpillars (Oak and Pine)
This is where rabbits face a uniquely serious risk. Urticating hairs picked up from the caterpillar and licked off the coat can cause intense swelling of the tongue and oral tissues, progressing to severe tissue damage and lingual necrosis.
⚠️ Clinical priorities
Careful history-taking (proximity to insects, grazing/housing location) and a thorough physical exam are key, particularly checking for oropharyngeal involvement that could compromise the airway. Standard management includes prompt sting removal, ice, and pain relief, with corticosteroids/antihistamines and emergency airway management reserved for more severe or anaphylactic presentations.
Full clinical detail, including pathophysiology, differentials, and treatment protocols, is available on Vetlexicon Lapis.
https://www.vetlexicon.com/lapis/parasitology/articles/insect-stings-and-envenomation
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The article Insect stings and envenomation has been written and peer-reviewed by
Glen Cousquer BSc(Hons) BVM&S CertZooMed MSc(Outdoor Educ) MSc(Educ Res) PhD MRCVS IML
Anna Meredith OBE MA VetMB CertLAS DipECZM DZooMed(Mammalian) PhD FRCVS