Andrew Electronics

14/09/2025

SAAN NGA BA TALAGA ANG DIREKSYON NG DALOY NG KURYENTE?

POSITIVE TO NEGATIVE BA o NEGATIVE TO POSITIVE?

Dito sa video na ito, ipapaliwanag natin ang dalawang konsepto ng daloy ng kuryente:

• Conventional Current Flow – (Positive to Negative)
•Electron Flow – (Negative to Positive)

Alamin natin kung bakit nagkaroon ng dalawang magkaibang pananaw at alin ba ang ginagamit sa electronics at sa actual na galaw ng mga electron.

Kung gusto mong mas maintindihan ang basic electrical concepts, siguradong makakatulong sau ang video na ito!

Don’t forget to Like, Share, and Subscribe para updated ka pa sa iba pang electronics tutorials!"

Video Chapter:

0:00 - Intro
0:22 - Conventional current Flow
0:47 - Totoo ba na ang tunay na daloy ng kuryente ay Conventional current Flow?
1:22 Mali ba ang Conventional current Flow?
1:37 Bakit ginagamit pa rin ang Conventional Current hanggang sa ngayon?
3:28 - Saan nga ba talaga ang Direksyon ng daloy ng kuryente?

Resources:

https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/318104/if-conventional-current-is-wrong-how-can-i-trace-the-flow-of-current-in-a-schem?fbclid=IwdGRjcAMfIRdjbGNrAx8hB2V4dG4DYWVtAjExAAEez6WTGsWv_wBtUbGxUwNWUqHRBDZLikYPu9R0xuWHVDQmi2Ks5JAKwTOJk0A_aem_Qk3hYPwxr2vmgJJX8L3hZA

https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/direct-current/chpt-1/conventional-versus-electron-flow/

https://www.electricaltechnology.org/2021/02/difference-between-conventional-and-electron-current.html

https://circuitcrush.com/conventional-current-vs-electron-flow/

Maraming Salamat po
StayHumble & Be Creative

14/09/2025

Alamin natin sa video na ito ang pagkakaiba ng typical rectifier diode (example: 1N4007) at ng fast recovery diode (example: UF4007).
Ipapaliwanag ko rin kung ano ang Reverse Recovery Time (Trr) at bakit ito mahalaga lalo na sa SMPS (Switched-Mode Power Supply).

👉 Bakit hindi pwedeng gamitin ang 1N4007 sa SMPS?
👉 Ano ang kaibahan ng fast recovery diode sa typical diode?
👉 Ano ang epekto ng reverse recovery time sa efficiency ng circuit?

Kung interesado ka sa electronics basics, power electronics, at mga component comparisons, siguradong makakatulong itong video para mas maintindihan mo ang tamang pagpili ng diode para sa projects mo.

Don’t forget to Like, Share, and Subscribe para sa iba pang Taglish Electronics Tutorials!

05/03/2025

(Pass Transistor):

The 7812 regulates the voltage. Let's assume the 7812's output current limit is 1A (this is a reasonable assumption for a standard 7812 without external modifications). If the load requires 5A, the 7812 alone cannot supply it.

Here's how the pass transistor helps:

Voltage Regulation: The 7812 maintains a constant 12V output.

Current Control: The 7812's output current (approximately 1A in this example) flows into the base of the 2N3055 transistor.

Base Current Amplification: This relatively small base current is amplified by the transistor's current gain (β). The collector current (I_C) is approximately β times the base current (I_B).

Pass Transistor Action: The amplified collector current (I_C) flows through the load, supplying the required 5A. The transistor acts as a switch controlled by the 7812, ensuring that the load receives the necessary current while maintaining the regulated voltage.

Computation/Formula (Approximation):

The exact computation depends on the transistor's β and the 7812's internal workings. However, a simplified approximation can be made:

- I_C \approx β \times I_B

Where:

- I_C is the collector current (approximately 5A in this case)

- β is the common-emitter current gain of the 2N3055 transistor (this value varies depending on the transistor and operating conditions, but it's typically in the range of 20-200 or even higher)

- I_B is the base current (approximately 1A in our example)

Important Note: This is a simplified approximation. The actual base current will be slightly higher due to the base-emitter voltage drop. Also, the transistor's β can change with temperature and other factors. This circuit doesn't provide precise current amplification in the traditional sense of a common-emitter or common-source amplifier. The transistor's role is primarily to increase the current capacity of the regulator. The 7812 is doing the actual voltage regulation.

The approximately 0.6V voltage drop you're observing in this circuit is primarily due to the base-emitter junction voltage (V_{BE}) of the 2N3055 transistor.

The circuit uses a 7812 voltage regulator to provide a regulated 12V output. However, this 12V is not directly connected to the load. It's connected to the base of the 2N3055 pass transistor. The transistor acts as a switch, allowing current to flow from the regulator to the load. But, there's a voltage drop across the base-emitter junction of the transistor.

- Base-Emitter Junction: A bipolar junction transistor (BJT) like the 2N3055 requires a small voltage across its base-emitter junction to turn it on and allow current to flow from collector to emitter. This voltage is typically around 0.6V to 0.7V for silicon transistors, and it's relatively constant regardless of the collector current (within the transistor's operating limits).

- Voltage Divider: The 12V from the regulator is applied to the base of the transistor. The base-emitter junction acts like a voltage divider, dropping approximately 0.6V. The remaining voltage (11.4V) is applied to the load.

Computation (Approximation):

The computation is straightforward:

- Regulator Output Voltage (V_{REG}): 12V

- Base-Emitter Voltage Drop (V_{BE}): ≈ 0.6V to 0.7V (typical for silicon BJT)

- Load Voltage (V_{LOAD}): V_{LOAD} = V_{REG} - V_{BE}

Therefore:

- V_{LOAD} ≈ 12V - 0.6V = 11.4V

This explains the observed voltage drop of approximately 0.6V. The actual drop might be slightly higher or lower depending on the specific transistor, temperature, and current.

Important Considerations:

- Simplified Model: This calculation is a simplified model. In reality, there might be other minor voltage drops due to the resistance of the wiring and other components.

- Temperature Dependence: The V_{BE} is slightly temperature-dependent. An increase in temperature will slightly decrease V_{BE}.

- Current Dependence: While V_{BE} is relatively constant for a given transistor, it does vary slightly with the collector current. At higher currents, V_{BE} will increase very slightly.

In Summary:

The 0.6V voltage drop is primarily attributed to the inherent base-emitter voltage drop of the 2N3055 transistor, which is a fundamental characteristic of BJTs. This is a normal behavior in this type of pass-transistor power supply circuit. It's not a fault or malfunction but a consequence of how the transistor operates.

Partnership with JLCPCB:

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👉JLCPCB PCB Fab & Assembly from $2! Sign up to Get $60 Coupons: https://jlcpcb.com/?from=zone

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM:

Video Chapter:

0:00 Intro
0:47 How to Order from JLCPCB?
1:52 Power Transformer
2:33 Rectifier Diode
2:53 Filter Capacitor
3:35 Regulator
4:25 Series Pass Transistor
6:34 Why there is a Voltage Drop?
7:07 The Down Side

StayHumble & Be Creative 🙂

05/03/2025

E L E C T R I C • F A N • R E P A I R !
Hindi lahat ng mabagal umikot, Capacitor ang problema!

30/01/2025

BAKIT MAY WAX ANG MGA VINTAGE RADIO??

This Video is in Partnership with JLCPCB:

👉Need professional PCBs for your projects? Check out JLCPCB: https://jlcpcb.com
👉JLCPCB PCB Fab & Assembly from $2!

Sign up to Get $60 Coupons: https://jlcpcb.com/?from=zone

The main reason of using Wax in Some RF circuit:

1) in combination with foam to tighten air coils and to avoid microphonic
sideeffects.

2) prevent some areas (cap/ind) to change their behaviour with surrounding
humitity

3) fix rf-wire solder joints - prevent wire - transport (MW, LW (AM) coils)

The uniqueness of beeswax lies in its dual functionality as a structuring agent (due to the monoesters, hydrocarbons and fatty acids) and a plasticizer (due to the di- and complex esters), which is important for stick integrity, smooth textures, and even color deposition.

StayHumble & Be Creative ☝️

19/01/2025

17/01/2025

📢 Partnership with JLCPCB: 👉Need professional PCBs for your projects? Check out JLCPCB: https://jlcpcb.com 👉JLCPCB PCB Fab & Assembly from $2! Sign up to Get $60 Coupons: https://jlcpcb.com/?from=zone

Logic gates are an important concept if you are studying electronics. These are important digital devices that are mainly based on the Boolean function. Logic gates are used to carry out logical operations on single or multiple binary inputs and give one binary output. In simple terms, logic gates are the electronic circuits in a digital system.

In this lesson, we will further look at the different types of basic logic gates with their truth table and understand what each one is designed for.

Types of Basic Logic Gates
There are several basic logic gates used in performing operations in digital systems. The common ones are

OR Gate
AND Gate
NOT Gate
XOR Gate
Additionally, these gates can also be found in a combination of one or two. Therefore, we get other gates, such as NAND Gate, NOR Gate, EXOR Gate and EXNOR Gate.

•OR Gate
In an OR gate, the output of an OR gate attains state 1 if one or more inputs attain state 1.

•AND Gate
In the AND gate, the output of an AND gate attains state 1 if and only if all the inputs are in state 1.

•NOT Gate
In a NOT gate, the output of a NOT gate attains state 1 if and only if the input does not attain state 1.

•NAND Gate
This basic logic gate is the combination of AND and NOT gates.

•NOR Gate
This gate is the combination of OR and NOT gates.

•Exclusive-OR gate (XOR Gate)
In an XOR gate, the output of a two-input XOR gate attains state 1 if one adds only input and attains state 1.

•Exclusive-NOR Gate (XNOR Gate)
In the XNOR gate, the output is in state 1 when both inputs are the same, that is, both 0 or both 1.

°APPLICATION OF LOGIC GATES°

Logic gates have a lot of applications, but they are mainly based on their mode of operations or their truth table. Basic logic gates are often found in circuits such as safety thermostats, push-button locks, automatic watering systems, light-activated burglar alarms and many other electronic devices.

One of the primary benefits is that basic logic gates can be used in various combinations if the operations are advanced. Besides, there is no limit to the number of gates that can be used in a single device. However, it can be restricted due to the given physical space in the device. In digital integrated circuits (ICs), we will find an array of the logic gate area unit.

Helpful Website:

https://jlcpcb.com/

Ge**er File:

Schematic Diagram:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1I7Dx2U9vpX6SIbSNY0VTIsHcGZPgCY-m/view?usp=drivesdk

Video Chapter:
00:00 Intro
00:10 How to Order PCB from JLCPCB
01:50 Different types of Logic Gates
04:10 Buffer
05:36 Not Gate ( Inverter )
06:37 And Gate
08:47 Nand Gate
10:18 Or Gate
12:13 Nor Gate
13:39 Xor Gate
15:50 Xnor Gate

StayHumble &Be Creative
James 1:5:

17/01/2025

Electronics components Noon Vs. Ngayon

08/01/2025

The FNIRSI LCR-ST1 is a multifunctional and portable testing instrument that supports precise measurement of resistance, capacitance, inductance, and diodes

【Measurement Range】3 test frequencies – 100 Hz, 1 kHz, 10 kHz. 2 test voltage - 0.3 Vrms, 0.6 Vrms. R: 10 mΩ to 10 MΩ / C: 1 pF to 22 mF / L:1 uH to 10 H

【Multiple functions】D, Z, Q, R, ESR value reading. Auto recognition of elecronic components, primary and secondary parameters display. 1.14'' HD color display, is easy to operation

【Data Storage and Export】The LCR tester can automatically save the test records. And you could connect the tester to your PC and transfer all the data to PC via EXCEL

【2 Types of Tweezer Heads】With pointed head and hook head, it is convenient to test different types of products. It is equipped with a storage bag and can be charged via a data cable

Product Link:
https://sl.aliexpress.ru/p?key=DTIprqV

Users manual:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1levTkAQ8WR1x2Muhrb3LBMi_dytlmE3h/view?usp=drivesdk

Firmware V1.5:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ljWIQcE2oENwzDTH7wu_ayZH7IKY3Suc/view?usp=drivesdk

visit fnirsi website at:
www.fnirsi.cn

Other Related Videos:

Ano ba ang Inductor:
https://youtu.be/k9a8KoAirHo?si=XCD78Y-ZHIy0PXcv

Mga dapat mong malaman sa Capacitor:
https://youtu.be/Iv3yFP-XN9I?si=msOYq9-WrYfaqWpC

Mga dapat mong malaman sa Resistor:
https://youtu.be/Mot-0ftAgoo?si=ZQTDnUGaZskuY4V0

Iba't ibang application ng diode:
https://youtu.be/v4jmPyi3fBA?si=MbZt0Iu6tvZOiVU7

Chapter:
0:00 Intro
0:18 What is LCR meter?
0:44 Unboxing
1:03 The Bag
1:22 Accessories
2:20 Main Unit
4:21 How to Navigate the Setting?
6:15 What are the Icon on the Screen?
9:27 Resistance Check!
12:55 Capacitance Check!
17:52 Inductance Testing!
18:40 Experiment Time
21:53 Testing in Circuit
26:37 My Opinion

StayHumble&BeCreative
Godbless Everyone!

21/12/2024

HOW TO READ THE DATA SHEET OF BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTOR ??

HISTORY 🔆
W. Shockley, J. Barden, and W. Brattain invented the transistor in 1947. The term ‘transistor’ is derived from the words ‘transfer’ and ‘resistor.’ These words describe the operation of a BJT which is the transfer of an input signal from a low resistance circuit to a high resistance circuit. In this article, let us learn more about the Bipolar Junction Transistor.

WHAT IS A BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTOR (BJT)?

A bipolar junction transistor is a three-terminal semiconductor device that consists of two p-n junctions which are able to amplify or magnify a signal. It is a current controlled device. The three terminals of the BJT are the base, the collector, and the emitter. A signal of a small amplitude applied to the base is available in the amplified form at the collector of the transistor. This is the amplification provided by the BJT. Note that it does require an external source of DC power supply to carry out the amplification process.

OPERATION OF BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTOR

There are three operating regions of a bipolar junction transistor:

Active region: The region in which the transistors operate as an amplifier.

Saturation region: The region in which the transistor is fully on and operates as a switch such that collector current is equal to the saturation current.

Cut-off region: The region in which the transistor is fully off and collector current is equal to zero.

TYPES OF BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTOR

There are two types of bipolar junction transistors:

PNP bipolar junction transistor
NPN bipolar junction transistor

A bipolar junction transistor (BJT) transistor's specifications are important because they determine how the transistor will function in a circuit.

These specifications include:

•Voltage, power, current, and temperature limits: These are the limits that should not be exceeded.

•Polarity, leakage, gain, and frequency parameters: These parameters determine how the transistor will function in the circuit.

•Saturation voltage: This is the maximum voltage drop of a transistor at saturation, both between the collector and emitter and also between base and emitter.

Helpful reference:

•Talking Electronics
[1-100 Transistor Project]

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1r_-IjW-HWuNyTvtDQk8TlvJzWDBClH9J/view?usp=drivesdk

•Talking Electronics
[101-200 Transistor Project]

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1r_BeFVJ2Nqdk_dzd7lqS_l9CUt_E0Kz3/view?usp=drivesdk

StayHumble&BeCreative!
Maraming salamat po 😊