07/04/2025
Resource sink relationship for heat stress tolerance in tomato and rice is being studied intensely. Research group of Cao, Xu (Cell: 13th December 2024) from National Academy of Sciences, China found Cell wall Invertase gene (CWIN);performs important resource sink functions, for example converting Sucrose in leaf into Fructose and Glucose, resulting in sweeter tomatoes. Heat Shock Proteins (HSP) Suppresses sugars in tomato. They also knocked- in 10 base pairs HSP into CWIN. Their research group found 33% to 42% increase in tomato yield over control plants without HSP, under heat stress conditions. Per plot yield rescue was 100% over control plots under heat stress conditions. Our research in Fremont in 2018 found heat Street tolerant plants 3 to 5 Brix%, whereas heat stress susceptible plants were at least 8.0 Brix%. While 1993 research points out with with every 1% increase in Brix% there's profit of $70 Million due consumer preferences to internal, natural sugar - heat stress can impact 100% yield loss. So Tomato sauce, soup and juice company will end up with huge loss or millions $ will be pipe dream! We also experienced a few plants simply decreased yield and then stopped flowering 100%. 2018 was a difficult year when heat surged in July and research notes show adding new soil (1/2 lbs ) didn't help at all. That's what Genetics is! Can't make up with new soil or more water. It is simply a case of - got genes?
John Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, MA, USA noted (BioTechniques :2024) AI and Machine Learning Algorithms based Fragmentonomics approach can turn the tide for Ovarian cancer patients. They observed when when a healthy cell disintegrates, it's DNA fragments into regular, predictable segments. Cancer cells on the other hand, leaves behind a Chaotic DNA fragmentation patterns. Such DNA fragment patterns, called Fragmentonomics, was applied on 479 Ovarian cancer patients of stage 1 to 4. Standard computational biology found 34%, 62%, 63% and 100% correct cases of patients suffering from stage 1 to 4 ovarian cancer. Application of AI and ML, in comparison to standard statistical methods, found 72%, 69%, 87% and 100% of correct cases in the same samples at stages 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively.
Why at stage 4, AI or not is same results? Research in cancer biology has shown role of chemotherapy is to destroy these random fragments created during ovarian cancer. But at stage 4, chemotherapy is no help because Heat Shock Proteins especially 70 or HSP70 doesn't allow destruction of fragmented cancer cells. HSP70 is found resistant to chemotherapy and hence presence of this protein in blood signals Terminal Stage of Ovarian cancer or maximum of 6 months to live.
In our Heirloom Tomato Breeding research, the Heat Stress Tolerant plants in 2018 were growing on minimal volume of water. Then excess water was added in July 2018. Suddenly they lost ability to absorb water. Plants started to drop in sun, so moved in shade, still more leaves from those plants started to drop in shade on 7/27/2018! Such observations were interpreted as loss of HSP70 because before excess water, the same plants had no issues in 85* F or more in early July 2018. Hypothesis is: "Excess water signalled metabolic process cascade that led to disappearance of HSP70 in those Heat Stress Tomato plants of 2018". So what proteins turned into active stage from inactive stage after addition of excess water, that made HSP70 disappear? If we know that protein (s), then it will be treatment for stage 4 cancer patients. They can perhaps live longer and see their children graduating from college... And much more!!!